| Hitachi Propulsion, Braking &
        Power  The large scale Hitachi monorail
          typically has 4 cars permanently coupled. The main feeder voltage
          is 1500VDC. There are 16 (2 per bogie, 4 per car, 16 per train)
          AC traction motors @ 75kW (100.5 hp) each. Braking is regenerative
          with disc brakes for low speed stopping. Modern Japanese monorails
          and Shinkansen use VVVF (Variable-Voltage, Variable Frequency)
          three-phase asynchronous AC traction motors. The Tokyo Tama Intercity
          Monorail was the first to make use of VVVF inverters in its control
          system. This technology offers the combined advantages of reduced
          energy consumption and improved passenger comfort. The maximum
          speed of this class of monorail is 50 mph (80 kph). Current collection
          is by side sliding pantograph, as in all straddle beam monorails.
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